SOCIAL HOUSING People's Policy Project The map also reveals some interesting reflections of Europe's recent history. The effect of two world wars and the global depression, for example, is still writ large in Europe’s housing map.
HOUSING POLICY IN THE EU MEMBER STATES (1). EURHONET – The European Housing Network, is a network of 40 public and social housing companies from France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Austria, Denmark and the UK. Each Eurhonet member, in its respective national context, shares the same ambition: improving professional practices and performances by sharing skills and developing a common view, Housing in the Netherlands. Choosing where to live can be a headache, adventure or nightmare – depending on your feelings about the subject. Finding a place to live when you are unfamiliar with the вЂnorms’ but also neighbourhoods/cities can be a puzzle indeed..
EURHONET – The European Housing Network, is a network of 40 public and social housing companies from France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Austria, Denmark and the UK. Each Eurhonet member, in its respective national context, shares the same ambition: improving professional practices and performances by sharing skills and developing a common view MIGRANTS, MINORITIES AND HOUSING: EXCLUSION, DISCRIMINATION AND ANTI-DISCRIMINATION IN 15 MEMBER STATES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION prepared …
trend is the limited, or in some countries the complete lack of, new social housing. The arrival of thousands of refugees from conflicts in the Middle East and Africa over the past 18 months means more people than ever in Europe need access to social housing. Habitat throughout Europe. My message is: handle social housing with care and encourage its further development. Decent, safe and affordable housing is a foundation for people’s lives. Marc Calon Chairman Aedes, Dutch association of social housing organisations. 4 DUTCH SOCIAL HOUSING IN A NUTSHELL 5 SOCIAL HOUSING IN THE NETHERLANDS elderly, disabled persons, students, refugees …
The EU urban agenda on Affordable housing. The EU does not have an official mandate on housing and the provision of affordable and social housing is primarily a concern of national and local policies. However the Commission has an important role on housing through different means (Cziscke 2014), such as the regulation of competition policies Social Housing in Belleville Street / Atelier du Pont Homes for All - Dortheavej Residence / Bjarke Ingels Group Garden Cooperativa / Nunzio Gabriele Sciveres + Giuseppe Gurrieri
social housing in the EU by the RICS that noted an average decline in traditional social housing across Europe (excluding Denmark and Austria), with most states moving away from the traditional welfare system and opting more for market-measures. (Figure 2). This usually takes the form of generating general market affordability through supply and The EU urban agenda on Affordable housing. The EU does not have an official mandate on housing and the provision of affordable and social housing is primarily a concern of national and local policies. However the Commission has an important role on housing through different means (Cziscke 2014), such as the regulation of competition policies
Social Housing magazine provides finance news and business intelligence for housing sector professionals Here, we comply with important stakeholders such as CECODHAS Housing Europe, the federation of public, cooperative and social housing, and IUT, the international union of tenants. We further welcome the exemption of social housing from the obligation of prior notification, adopted in the so-called “Almunia package”.
le Centre commun de recherche de l’UE (EU Joint Research Centre) a qualifié la réno-vation énergétique de « Carte maîtresse pour la relance de l’Europe » (“trump card for the new start for Europe” 1). En outre, la Commission européenne a publié en décembre 2016 une série de nouvelles pro - EURHONET – The European Housing Network, is a network of 40 public and social housing companies from France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Austria, Denmark and the UK. Each Eurhonet member, in its respective national context, shares the same ambition: improving professional practices and performances by sharing skills and developing a common view
trend is the limited, or in some countries the complete lack of, new social housing. The arrival of thousands of refugees from conflicts in the Middle East and Africa over the past 18 months means more people than ever in Europe need access to social housing. Habitat Questions of social housing, homelessness or integration play an important role within the EU’s social policy agenda. The charter of fundamental rights stipulates in Article IV-34 that ’in order to combat social exclusion and poverty, the Union recognises and respects the right to social and housing assistance so as to ensure a decent existence for all those who lack sufficient resources
Whilst many areas of social housing have remained well organised and liveable, there are significant shares of social housing that have come to constitute (sometimes within 10 years of their construction) areas of poor housing, poor people and poor living conditions. In north and western Europe, social exclusion is often now just as apparent in The State of Housing in the EU 2017 Housing is still Europe’s challenge Brussels, 17 October 2017 Published in Energy, Urban, Economy, Social, Research The Report Cover The Housing Europe Observatory, the Research branch of Housing Europe, presents the 2017 edition of its flagship report вЂThe State of Housing in the EU’, the biennial
ALLOCATING SOCIAL HOUSING: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES About the social housing sector2 • In 2008, 17.7 per cent of all households lived in the social rented sector • The social housing sector is varied. It includes local authority providers, stock transfer organisations, arms length management organisations, housing associations and co The State of Housing in the EU 2017 Housing is still Europe’s challenge Brussels, 17 October 2017 Published in Energy, Urban, Economy, Social, Research The Report Cover The Housing Europe Observatory, the Research branch of Housing Europe, presents the 2017 edition of its flagship report вЂThe State of Housing in the EU’, the biennial
Social Housing in Europe, published last year. This paper draws out some of the most important trends in the scale of social housing in countries across Europe; clarifies who lives in the sector and under what terms and conditions, and then discusses some of the drivers behind these trends and implications for the future provision of social housing. The Future of Social Housing: Learning from Europe by Michael Oxley Introduction This paper is strongly influenced by the belief that examining social housing policy and practice in other countries has most value in the ways that it can challenge insular conceptions about the purpose and form of social housing. It can also lead one to challenge
I/ 2016 Statistics on Housing Exclusion in Europe 50 1. Cost of housing and insecurity in Europe: Housing costs continue to soar, while household budgets shrink 51 2. Housing quality and quality of life: unfit housing in Europe 57 3. Social factors worsening housing difficulties 60 II/ Close-ups on housing exclusion in five EU countries 66 Social housing is owned and managed by social landlords Social landlords are generally councils or housing associations. Housing associations are independent from councils, with all their surpluses going to managing and maintaining existing homes, providing associated services and, in …
DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES. The EU urban agenda on Affordable housing. The EU does not have an official mandate on housing and the provision of affordable and social housing is primarily a concern of national and local policies. However the Commission has an important role on housing through different means (Cziscke 2014), such as the regulation of competition policies, Social Housing magazine provides finance news and business intelligence for housing sector professionals.
UN-Habitat Global Housing Strategy Framework Document. Although there is no single European model for social housing, there are nevertheless a number of common trends and features in most countries in Europe: delegation to local government, a new focus on fragile populations, reductions in the proportion of social housing. https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobilit%C3%A9_sociale MIGRANTS, MINORITIES AND HOUSING: EXCLUSION, DISCRIMINATION AND ANTI-DISCRIMINATION IN 15 MEMBER STATES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION prepared ….
3.4 Recent Developments in Housing Quality Regulation 115 3.5 International and EU Developments 124 3.6 Institutional Changes 127 3.7 Emerging Issues 129 4 Outcomes 133 4.1 Introduction 133 4.2 Supply 133 4.3 Sale of Social Housing 139 4.4 Improvement 142 4.5 Demand 143 4.6 Equilibrium 147 4.7 Costs 153 4.8 Affordability 162 4.9 Public Social Housing in Europe, published last year. This paper draws out some of the most important trends in the scale of social housing in countries across Europe; clarifies who lives in the sector and under what terms and conditions, and then discusses some of the drivers behind these trends and implications for the future provision of social housing.
Questions of social housing, homelessness or integration play an important role within the EU’s social policy agenda. The charter of fundamental rights stipulates in Article IV-34 that ’in order to combat social exclusion and poverty, the Union recognises and respects the right to social and housing assistance so as to ensure a decent existence for all those who lack sufficient resources 22/02/2016 · Do you want to remove all your recent searches? All recent searches will be deleted
The OECD Affordable Housing Database (AHD) helps countries monitor access to good-quality affordable housing and strengthen the knowledge base for policy evaluation. It brings together cross-national information from OECD countries, Key Partners and EU member states. The database groups indicators along three dimensions: housing market, housing Housing Europe is the European Federation of Public, Cooperative & Social Housing. Since 1988 it's a network of 45 national & regional federations gathering 43.000 housing providers in 24 countries. Together they manage over 26 million homes, about 11% of existing dwellings in Europe.
The Future of Social Housing: Learning from Europe by Michael Oxley Introduction This paper is strongly influenced by the belief that examining social housing policy and practice in other countries has most value in the ways that it can challenge insular conceptions about the purpose and form of social housing. It can also lead one to challenge The map also reveals some interesting reflections of Europe's recent history. The effect of two world wars and the global depression, for example, is still writ large in Europe’s housing map.
Housing Europe is the European Federation of Public, Cooperative & Social Housing. Since 1988 it's a network of 45 national & regional federations gathering 43.000 housing providers in 24 countries. Together they manage over 26 million homes, about 11% of existing dwellings in Europe. MIGRANTS, MINORITIES AND HOUSING: EXCLUSION, DISCRIMINATION AND ANTI-DISCRIMINATION IN 15 MEMBER STATES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION prepared …
with defining social housing as a service of general economic interest’7, – having regard to the Committee of the Regions opinion entitled вЂTowards a European Agenda for Social Housing’8, – having regard to its resolution of 20 November 2012 on the Social Investment Pact as a response to the crisis 9, The map also reveals some interesting reflections of Europe's recent history. The effect of two world wars and the global depression, for example, is still writ large in Europe’s housing map.
Social Housing in Europe lems of social housing are almost synonymous with those of post-war industrially built estates. В· Social housing serves different client groups in different countries - in some it is a tenure of the very poor, while in others it houses low-waged working families or Housing in the Netherlands. Choosing where to live can be a headache, adventure or nightmare – depending on your feelings about the subject. Finding a place to live when you are unfamiliar with the вЂnorms’ but also neighbourhoods/cities can be a puzzle indeed.
The social rented housing stock in the Netherlands is one of the largest in Europe, after France and the United Kingdom. The construction of social housing was first allowed by the Housing Act of 1901. Housing associations work as a revolving fund: they sell dwellings as a core component of their business and use the revenues for new PDF On Jan 1, 2000, Lars A. Engberg and others published Social housing in Denmark Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate . We use cookies to make interactions with our
The OECD Affordable Housing Database (AHD) helps countries monitor access to good-quality affordable housing and strengthen the knowledge base for policy evaluation. It brings together cross-national information from OECD countries, Key Partners and EU member states. The database groups indicators along three dimensions: housing market, housing Social Housing in Belleville Street / Atelier du Pont Homes for All - Dortheavej Residence / Bjarke Ingels Group Garden Cooperativa / Nunzio Gabriele Sciveres + Giuseppe Gurrieri
Social Housing in Europe lems of social housing are almost synonymous with those of post-war industrially built estates. В· Social housing serves different client groups in different countries - in some it is a tenure of the very poor, while in others it houses low-waged working families or 3.4 Recent Developments in Housing Quality Regulation 115 3.5 International and EU Developments 124 3.6 Institutional Changes 127 3.7 Emerging Issues 129 4 Outcomes 133 4.1 Introduction 133 4.2 Supply 133 4.3 Sale of Social Housing 139 4.4 Improvement 142 4.5 Demand 143 4.6 Equilibrium 147 4.7 Costs 153 4.8 Affordability 162 4.9 Public
MIGRANTS, MINORITIES AND HOUSING: EXCLUSION, DISCRIMINATION AND ANTI-DISCRIMINATION IN 15 MEMBER STATES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION prepared … he has performed research on housing and labor markets for the Irish Social Democrats. Ryan Cooper is a National Correspondent at TheWeek.com. His work has appeared in the Washington Monthly, The New Republic, and the Washington Post. ABOUT People’s Policy Project is a think tank founded in 2017. The primary mission of 3P is to publish ideas and analysis that assist in the development of an
Housing inequality in Europe coebank.org. Questions of social housing, homelessness or integration play an important role within the EU’s social policy agenda. The charter of fundamental rights stipulates in Article IV-34 that ’in order to combat social exclusion and poverty, the Union recognises and respects the right to social and housing assistance so as to ensure a decent existence for all those who lack sufficient resources, Here, we comply with important stakeholders such as CECODHAS Housing Europe, the federation of public, cooperative and social housing, and IUT, the international union of tenants. We further welcome the exemption of social housing from the obligation of prior notification, adopted in the so-called “Almunia package”..
Affordability Housing review of 15 countries in Europe and. Housing Europe: the Social and Green Way the ageing of the population) which “basic right” and when it can not move the following demands, we are negative: the OECD expects the number of CECODHAS, the European Liaison Committee for Social Housing , provides through its members more than 22 millions homes across Europe., A history of housing in Europe – This section shows how housing policies have evolved in Europe and explains the two housing models (dualist vs. unitary) that prevail throughout the continent. It concludes by discussing the case of Central-Eastern Europe countries, which all saw considerable changes in their.
Although there is no single European model for social housing, there are nevertheless a number of common trends and features in most countries in Europe: delegation to local government, a new focus on fragile populations, reductions in the proportion of social housing. Here, we comply with important stakeholders such as CECODHAS Housing Europe, the federation of public, cooperative and social housing, and IUT, the international union of tenants. We further welcome the exemption of social housing from the obligation of prior notification, adopted in the so-called “Almunia package”.
Social Housing in Europe lems of social housing are almost synonymous with those of post-war industrially built estates. В· Social housing serves different client groups in different countries - in some it is a tenure of the very poor, while in others it houses low-waged working families or Historically, social housing has been a constant priority at all levels of government. In cities such as Amsterdam, social housing represents 48% of the stock; the rest is divided between the 28% of home ownership and 24% of free-of-tie rental. The registered social housing organisations in the Netherlands (Woning corporaties) are non-profit
The State of Housing in the EU 2017 Housing is still Europe’s challenge Brussels, 17 October 2017 Published in Energy, Urban, Economy, Social, Research The Report Cover The Housing Europe Observatory, the Research branch of Housing Europe, presents the 2017 edition of its flagship report вЂThe State of Housing in the EU’, the biennial throughout Europe. My message is: handle social housing with care and encourage its further development. Decent, safe and affordable housing is a foundation for people’s lives. Marc Calon Chairman Aedes, Dutch association of social housing organisations. 4 DUTCH SOCIAL HOUSING IN A NUTSHELL 5 SOCIAL HOUSING IN THE NETHERLANDS elderly, disabled persons, students, refugees …
This Review focuses on social housing in the European Union and aims at providing a clearer picture of the way social housing systems are structured across the EU, while identifying the main trend is the limited, or in some countries the complete lack of, new social housing. The arrival of thousands of refugees from conflicts in the Middle East and Africa over the past 18 months means more people than ever in Europe need access to social housing. Habitat
Social housing in the USA and France: Lessons from convergences and divergences Ira Peppercorn1 and Claude Taffin2 ABSTRACT The development of subsidized rental housing estates really begun in the USA after the Great Depression and in France after World War II, but has changed dramatically since Although there is no single European model for social housing, there are nevertheless a number of common trends and features in most countries in Europe: delegation to local government, a new focus on fragile populations, reductions in the proportion of social housing.
A history of housing in Europe – This section shows how housing policies have evolved in Europe and explains the two housing models (dualist vs. unitary) that prevail throughout the continent. It concludes by discussing the case of Central-Eastern Europe countries, which all saw considerable changes in their social housing in the EU by the RICS that noted an average decline in traditional social housing across Europe (excluding Denmark and Austria), with most states moving away from the traditional welfare system and opting more for market-measures. (Figure 2). This usually takes the form of generating general market affordability through supply and
The OECD Affordable Housing Database (AHD) helps countries monitor access to good-quality affordable housing and strengthen the knowledge base for policy evaluation. It brings together cross-national information from OECD countries, Key Partners and EU member states. The database groups indicators along three dimensions: housing market, housing 3.4 Recent Developments in Housing Quality Regulation 115 3.5 International and EU Developments 124 3.6 Institutional Changes 127 3.7 Emerging Issues 129 4 Outcomes 133 4.1 Introduction 133 4.2 Supply 133 4.3 Sale of Social Housing 139 4.4 Improvement 142 4.5 Demand 143 4.6 Equilibrium 147 4.7 Costs 153 4.8 Affordability 162 4.9 Public
Here, we comply with important stakeholders such as CECODHAS Housing Europe, the federation of public, cooperative and social housing, and IUT, the international union of tenants. We further welcome the exemption of social housing from the obligation of prior notification, adopted in the so-called “Almunia package”. 22/02/2016 · Do you want to remove all your recent searches? All recent searches will be deleted
critical analysis of social housing policies and their most recent development across fourteen European countries together with an overview of longer term trends. We wish to thank the contributors, our co-editors and the journal for making this possible. Social Housing in Europe What is considered social housing varies across Europe. The most The OECD Affordable Housing Database (AHD) helps countries monitor access to good-quality affordable housing and strengthen the knowledge base for policy evaluation. It brings together cross-national information from OECD countries, Key Partners and EU member states. The database groups indicators along three dimensions: housing market, housing
with defining social housing as a service of general economic interest’7, – having regard to the Committee of the Regions opinion entitled вЂTowards a European Agenda for Social Housing’8, – having regard to its resolution of 20 November 2012 on the Social Investment Pact as a response to the crisis 9, Housing in the Netherlands. Choosing where to live can be a headache, adventure or nightmare – depending on your feelings about the subject. Finding a place to live when you are unfamiliar with the вЂnorms’ but also neighbourhoods/cities can be a puzzle indeed.
GUIDELINES ON SOCIAL HOUSING UNECE. The OECD Affordable Housing Database (AHD) helps countries monitor access to good-quality affordable housing and strengthen the knowledge base for policy evaluation. It brings together cross-national information from OECD countries, Key Partners and EU member states. The database groups indicators along three dimensions: housing market, housing, Social Housing magazine provides finance news and business intelligence for housing sector professionals.
Social housing in Europe LSE Research Online. Housing Europe is the European Federation of Public, Cooperative & Social Housing. Since 1988 it's a network of 45 national & regional federations gathering 43.000 housing providers in 24 countries. Together they manage over 26 million homes, about 11% of existing dwellings in Europe., The OECD Affordable Housing Database (AHD) helps countries monitor access to good-quality affordable housing and strengthen the knowledge base for policy evaluation. It brings together cross-national information from OECD countries, Key Partners and EU member states. The database groups indicators along three dimensions: housing market, housing.
Privatising UK social housing won't work – just look at Europe. 3.4 Recent Developments in Housing Quality Regulation 115 3.5 International and EU Developments 124 3.6 Institutional Changes 127 3.7 Emerging Issues 129 4 Outcomes 133 4.1 Introduction 133 4.2 Supply 133 4.3 Sale of Social Housing 139 4.4 Improvement 142 4.5 Demand 143 4.6 Equilibrium 147 4.7 Costs 153 4.8 Affordability 162 4.9 Public, Social Housing in Belleville Street / Atelier du Pont Homes for All - Dortheavej Residence / Bjarke Ingels Group Garden Cooperativa / Nunzio Gabriele Sciveres + Giuseppe Gurrieri.
HOUSING POLICY IN THE EU MEMBER STATES (1). Social Housing in Europe, published last year. This paper draws out some of the most important trends in the scale of social housing in countries across Europe; clarifies who lives in the sector and under what terms and conditions, and then discusses some of the drivers behind these trends and implications for the future provision of social housing. https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Piketty DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT A: ECONOMIC AND SCIENTIFIC POLICY Social Housing in the EU NOTE Abstract This briefing paper provides an overview of the social housing sector in the EU area. After presenting how Member States define social housing, it details the response of the sector to the 2007–2008 financial crisis. In addition, it sheds light on the ….
The map also reveals some interesting reflections of Europe's recent history. The effect of two world wars and the global depression, for example, is still writ large in Europe’s housing map. with defining social housing as a service of general economic interest’7, – having regard to the Committee of the Regions opinion entitled вЂTowards a European Agenda for Social Housing’8, – having regard to its resolution of 20 November 2012 on the Social Investment Pact as a response to the crisis 9,
Social Housing in the EU: Time for legal certainty for local authorities, social housing providers and million of European households. I. Social housing and Services of General Economic Interest (SGEIs) in the EU: Briefing Introduction As there is no common definition of social housing in Community law and in view of the wide range of Social Housing in the EU: Time for legal certainty for local authorities, social housing providers and million of European households. I. Social housing and Services of General Economic Interest (SGEIs) in the EU: Briefing Introduction As there is no common definition of social housing in Community law and in view of the wide range of
Here, we comply with important stakeholders such as CECODHAS Housing Europe, the federation of public, cooperative and social housing, and IUT, the international union of tenants. We further welcome the exemption of social housing from the obligation of prior notification, adopted in the so-called “Almunia package”. Although there is no single European model for social housing, there are nevertheless a number of common trends and features in most countries in Europe: delegation to local government, a new focus on fragile populations, reductions in the proportion of social housing.
social housing in the EU by the RICS that noted an average decline in traditional social housing across Europe (excluding Denmark and Austria), with most states moving away from the traditional welfare system and opting more for market-measures. (Figure 2). This usually takes the form of generating general market affordability through supply and le Centre commun de recherche de l’UE (EU Joint Research Centre) a qualifié la réno-vation énergétique de « Carte maîtresse pour la relance de l’Europe » (“trump card for the new start for Europe” 1). En outre, la Commission européenne a publié en décembre 2016 une série de nouvelles pro -
Questions of social housing, homelessness or integration play an important role within the EU’s social policy agenda. The charter of fundamental rights stipulates in Article IV-34 that ’in order to combat social exclusion and poverty, the Union recognises and respects the right to social and housing assistance so as to ensure a decent existence for all those who lack sufficient resources MIGRANTS, MINORITIES AND HOUSING: EXCLUSION, DISCRIMINATION AND ANTI-DISCRIMINATION IN 15 MEMBER STATES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION prepared …
The social rented housing stock in the Netherlands is one of the largest in Europe, after France and the United Kingdom. The construction of social housing was first allowed by the Housing Act of 1901. Housing associations work as a revolving fund: they sell dwellings as a core component of their business and use the revenues for new The EU urban agenda on Affordable housing. The EU does not have an official mandate on housing and the provision of affordable and social housing is primarily a concern of national and local policies. However the Commission has an important role on housing through different means (Cziscke 2014), such as the regulation of competition policies
critical analysis of social housing policies and their most recent development across fourteen European countries together with an overview of longer term trends. We wish to thank the contributors, our co-editors and the journal for making this possible. Social Housing in Europe What is considered social housing varies across Europe. The most Across Europe, a new generation of architecture practices are transforming affordable housing. Responding to continued need, changing clients, and new funding methods, architects are once again addressing how homes can be delivered at scale while piloting new methods to achieve high standards of design. Based on a 2017 publication of the same name, Social Housing
Social Housing in Europe, published last year. This paper draws out some of the most important trends in the scale of social housing in countries across Europe; clarifies who lives in the sector and under what terms and conditions, and then discusses some of the drivers behind these trends and implications for the future provision of social housing. MIGRANTS, MINORITIES AND HOUSING: EXCLUSION, DISCRIMINATION AND ANTI-DISCRIMINATION IN 15 MEMBER STATES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION prepared …
Social Housing in Europe combines a comparative overview of European social housing written by scholars with in-depth chapters written by international housing experts. The countries covered include Austria, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, The Netherlands and Sweden, with a further chapter devoted to CEE countries other than Hungary. Housing Europe: the Social and Green Way the ageing of the population) which “basic right” and when it can not move the following demands, we are negative: the OECD expects the number of CECODHAS, the European Liaison Committee for Social Housing , provides through its members more than 22 millions homes across Europe.
The Future of Social Housing: Learning from Europe by Michael Oxley Introduction This paper is strongly influenced by the belief that examining social housing policy and practice in other countries has most value in the ways that it can challenge insular conceptions about the purpose and form of social housing. It can also lead one to challenge The State of Housing in the EU 2017 Housing is still Europe’s challenge Brussels, 17 October 2017 Published in Energy, Urban, Economy, Social, Research The Report Cover The Housing Europe Observatory, the Research branch of Housing Europe, presents the 2017 edition of its flagship report вЂThe State of Housing in the EU’, the biennial
social housing in the EU by the RICS that noted an average decline in traditional social housing across Europe (excluding Denmark and Austria), with most states moving away from the traditional welfare system and opting more for market-measures. (Figure 2). This usually takes the form of generating general market affordability through supply and A history of housing in Europe – This section shows how housing policies have evolved in Europe and explains the two housing models (dualist vs. unitary) that prevail throughout the continent. It concludes by discussing the case of Central-Eastern Europe countries, which all saw considerable changes in their